People work because they need money to live. What are some other reasons that people work? Discuss one or more of these reasons. Use specific examples and details to support your answer.
人们工作的目的是人们需要金钱而生存。 人们工作的其他诸原因是什么？
1 工作带给人满足感
段落大意：独立，满足感是很多人工作的动因。
Independence is sometimes the most important factor as no one wants to be given instructions all the time. This is usually true for school leavers, who wish to be independent, to have a family, to own a place of their own and the opportunity to use the skills they learnt in a profitable venture. As well as this, later in a career, people would want more control in the firm's activities, which is usually given through promotions and in some companies the issuing of shares to them.
2 金钱是工作的直接动因
段落大意：金钱是工作的直接动力，但并非对所有人都如此。一般来说对于刚参加工作的年轻人来说，金钱是最重要的动力。
I will talk about the ability to earn an income, which many consider to be the most important reason why people work. In my questionnaire, it was found that most people who are young in careers would prefer a higher wage than other motivators. This fits in with Maslow's theory of needs. Maslow theorized that a person needs their basic needs such as money, sleep and shelter.
3 工作中的福利是刺激因素
段落大意：工作中对于职员的福利，例如折扣等也是人们工作的动因。
Fringe benefits may range from vouchers for use in shops, staff discounts or other indirect rewards. Often, people prefer these benefits as they are sometimes more valuable than an equivalent income, in the case of a pilot's free or discount travel allowances. A well-planned benefit scheme can often attract new workers.
4 工作会带给个人强大动力
段落大意：个人对工作的喜爱程度也是人们工作的原因。
Next, I will talk about personal motivation. Quite simply this means that a person may have a personal motive for doing the job, such as a preference for that kind of work, or in the case of charity work, the desire to help those less fortunate than us. People who are personally motivated are more likely to work harder and more effectively. They may also be prepared to work for a slightly lower wage. Any person who views a certain kind of job passionately is logically going to apply for any job of that category.
5 退休后福利保障是工作的重要因素
段落大意：政府福利对于很多人来说无法保障老年生活，因此公司给与的退休保障也是人们工作动力。
Finally, I wish to talk about the possibility that people wish to have funds for their retirement. More and more people are thinking about a retirement plan when they look for work. In my questionnaire as people get older they are more concerned with a pension scheme. The pensions that the government gives are not only low, but are usually also non-index linked and give less money when inflation occurs, compared to index linked pensions. As a result of this occurrence many people look for a healthy pension scheme when they join a company.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important aspect of a job is the money a person earns. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
工作的最重要的方面是一个人赚的金钱，同意与否？
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Only people who earn a lot of money are successful. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
只有当赚了很多钱才是成功。 同意与否？
1 成功有很多种表现形式
段落大意：成功并不是只有靠金钱来衡量，社会地位，幸福感也是成功的表现。
Success is within the mind of the individual. A large portion of one’s life is spent working to become successful. People are told throughout childhood to work hard so they can grow up and make much money. But success takes many different forms. Different people have different interpretations of what success means to them. For some, success is measured by social status and wealth; for others success is determined only by the amount of happiness one feels.
2 金钱确实是成功的表现形式
段落大意：金钱对于很多人来说，确实是成功的体现。体现在他们可以买喜欢的房子，车，衣服，可以作很多事情。
Money is the main concern for some people. It is a crucial necessity for anyone who is trying to succeed in life. Many believe that the only way to succeed is to have a lot of money. For this type of person, achieving success starts with going to a good college. College is said to prepare people to take on the world. Once one has graduated and has a well paying job he is on his way to becoming successful. People work their whole lives making money so they can satisfy their desires. People want to own nice homes, nice cars, and nice clothes.
If you were an employer, which kind of worker would you prefer to hire: an inexperienced worker at a lower salary or an experienced worker at a higher salary? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
如果你是一个雇主，你愿意雇佣哪种类型的员工？低薪无经验的还是有高薪经验的？
1 经验是专业工作者的必备条件
段落大意：经验是得到专业工作最重要的评价标准之一，也是成为专业工作者的必要条件。
Experience is the most important criteria for getting a professional job. Experience makes the person perfect. And perfect ones can only work effectively and efficiently by the time they join the organization. Even for the experienced person, it takes some time to understand the way the organization works and the management over there. So, for the inexperienced person, it takes almost months to years to know the working atmosphere of the organization depending upon the type of work.
The expert who makes the job look easy has experience and abilities the average person lacks.
2 经验在求职过程中的重要性
段落大意：雇主非常看重一个人的工作经验，这是最快适应新工作的保证。
As Ebenezer Scrooge discovered, experience, or the active participation in events or activities leading to the accumulation of knowledge or skill, is the ultimate teacher. The majority of mistakes are made early on when practicing a new skill. The common perception is, those with experience have already made the majority of their mistakes. Employers also value experience because of the costs associated with training and the productivity levels of experienced employees versus those with no experience. Experience is used as a general indicator of one's ability.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Most experiences in our lives that seemed difficult at the time become valuable lessons for the future. Use reasons and specific examples to support our answer.
生活中一度的痛苦终将成为将来的财富。同意与否？
1 失败是成功之母
段落大意：很多人从他们失败的教训中学习经验，并且不断奋进，最后成功。
There is a common misconception that failure is a bad thing. Many people who fail at something are often called losers, but if those people learn from their losses, they are actually winners. Failure teaches people that they are just like everybody else, and that success is gained from hard work and determination. When people fail at something important in their lives and decide to try again, they tend to regain their confidence and persist with great resilience. Many of the best lessons people learn in life come from the mistakes they have made and the knowledge they gained from their mistakes.
The expression "Never, never give up" means to keep trying and never stop working for your goals. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
永远不要放弃意味着坚持不懈， 朝着目标不要停止努力。同意与否？
1 丘吉尔对英国人民的激励
段落大意：丘吉尔对英国人民的激励，使得他们最终度过二战时期最艰苦的时光。
Nearly in the end of the Second World War, Churchill delivered his famous and the shortest speech: Never, Never Give Up. British as well as people in many other countries were tremendously encouraged, and finally came through the hardest period in human history.
2 坚持是坚韧的态度
段落大意：永不放弃是坚韧态度的一种体现。很多人缺少信心，即使他们能做得很好，也因为没有坚持，最终失败。
To never give up, represents a strong and positive attitude of the life. Some people are readily to quit when they feel they cannot endure the difficulties of some work or they think they cannot find a way to finish the required task. Such people usually become upset and disappointed of failure and lose their self-confidence, although they virtually can do every thing well.
3 坚持会给人带来机会
段落大意：坚持会给人带来绝处逢生的机会，很多人因此成功。
Never give up. Such strong belief often gives us the second chance. The fact that we failed somewhere does not mean we are going to fail every where, and especially it does not necessarily mean that we are deprived of opportunities to win there. Many successful people did fail before.
In your opinion, what is the most important characteristic (for example, honesty, intelligence, a sense of humor) that a person can have to be successful in life? Use specific reasons and examples from your experience to explain your answer. When you write your answer, you are not limited to the examples listed in the question
一个人在生活中成功的最重要的性格是什么？
1 评判性性格的重要性
段落大意：认真思考能让人们深入理解问题，集中在目标之上，做出正确决定。
Thinking critically can make one analyze problems insightfully. We live in a world where controversial issues are often simply taken for granted. Critical thinking is but to ask some simple yet essential questions, which always brings amazing outcomes. Thinking critically can help one concentrate on right targets. Concentrating on right targets is probably the only way to overcome such dilemmas. Only by thinking critically can one make decisions wise and prudent. Sound decision making is essential to success. By analyzing insightfully and concentrating on the right targets, wise decisions are not hard to reach at all.
2 效率是成功的表现
段落大意：一个人有工作效率，不仅意味着做工作，而且意味着做好工作。效率能带给人们更快，更好，更省钱的效果。
What qualifies a person to be categorized as a "hard worker"? He/She would have to be willing to do the work, and not only do it, but do it right. Efficiency, things such as showing up on time, and getting the job done in a decent amount of time, is extremely vital for a person. Being efficient is the basic factor of all hard workers. Efficiency is not only better and faster but it is also cheaper
3 团队精神是成功的保障
段落大意：团队合作能够更快达到目标，更加有效率的工作，更加有效解决问题。
Teamwork is a group/ team of people working towards a common goal or target. Bill Gates describes teamwork as ‘A group with a common goal’. The main advantages of a team working correctly are as follows: being able to reach the goal quicker; becoming more efficient, this is because people have different strengths and so people can work problems out quicker.
What is a very important skill a person should learn in order to be successful in the world today? Choose one skill and use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.
当今世界要成功， 一个人必须具备的重要技能是什么？
1 有知识 有技术 懂得合作
段落大意：有知识和技术并且懂得合作是成功的关键。有效的团队管理本领也起着很重要的作用。
It is important that members of a group be knowledgeable and skillful in their positions, the degree to which those members can work harmoniously and cooperatively together is equally important and will form into a high performance team. Although it is among the most important factors, however, it must be coupled with a good working relationship and good collaboration with every team member. Effective team management plays a high role in building high performance teams. It should always be a question as to what management can do to actively promote successful work teams.
2 培养交流技能的重要性
段落大意：增强交流技能，练习良好的逻辑思维能力，锻炼领导才能。
Communication skills are of great importance. Employers want employees with strong writing, public speaking, listening, presentation, conflict resolution, interpersonal skills and well-developed logic and reasoning skills. Other related competencies included good judgment and decision-making skills; technical expertise, exposure to high-tech, independent goal setting; and time management skills. The last is leadership skills.
3 劝服他人的能力
段落大意：劝服他人在人的一生中是很重要的能力。
By convincing or persuading we get what we want from others. When we were children, we always managed to persuade our parents to buy us sugar candies; when we were in the high school, we had to persuade our classmates to play with us; when we applied for a job after graduation, we had better be able to successfully convince the employer that we are qualified employees. Besides, some day, we will all have to convince a person whom we love that we are in deed outstanding husbands or excellent wives.
People do many different things to stay healthy. What do you do for good health? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
人们为了健康做很多不同的事，你做什么？
1 日常锻炼的增加有益健康
段落大意：日常的锻炼防止了很多疾病，例如高血压，心脏病等危险疾病的发生。
Daily physical activity can help prevent heart disease and stroke by strengthening your heart muscle, lowering your blood pressure, raising your high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (good cholesterol) and lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (bad cholesterol), improving blood flow, and increasing your heart's working capacity. Optimizing each of these factors can provide additional benefits of decreasing the risk for Peripheral Vascular Disease. Regular physical activity can reduce blood pressure in those with high blood pressure levels. Physical activity reduces body fat, which is associated with high blood pressure. By reducing body fat, physical activity can help to prevent and control this type of diabetes.
2 素食的推崇有益健康
段落大意：素食为人们健康做出很多贡献；例如降低危险疾病发生率，预防癌症等。
Maintaining a well-balanced vegetarian diet is healthy and can be beneficial by reducing the risk of health diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases and obesity. Practicing vegetarianism is no more difficult or complicated than following a regular meat-inclusive diet; eating a variety of soy, nut, or wheat based products can substitute for certain meat dishes and dairy products and provide the needed nutrients that those normally provides. Vegetarianism is a healthy choice; following a meat-restricting diet can lower cholesterol and fat intake, thus reducing the chances of developing heart diseases and obesity.
Some people prefer to plan activities for their free time very carefully. Others choose not to make any plans at all for their free time. Compare the benefits of planning free-time activities with the benefits of not making plans. Which do you prefer - planning or not planning for your leisure time? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your choice.
业余时间是仔细计划好，还是不做计划好？
1 做计划的好处
段落大意：做计划对于大学生的重要性
Upon returning to college, the mature student soon realizes that their ability to manage time effectively directly impacts their learning experience and their family life. Enough time needs to be spent on these major facets of life. Too much time spent in one area usually means too little time spent in another, which usually leads to stress. Time management professionals say that stress is usually the result of poor time management. Effective time management has to be the foundation of any successful and productive life.
2 规划时间影响学生的生活
段落大意：学生们的主要任务是学习，因此规划时间的第一要务是把最宝贵的时间留给学习，其次是工作
The way a person manages time affects the efficiency of their life. There are many ways that will help in time management. College students for example have many responsibilities. Students must have time to go to class and show the best of their abilities to finish all work that needed to be done. Some students may have to fit work into their daily schedule.
3 规划时间的重要性
段落大意：规划时间的能力是决定自己是否优秀的重要条件，是个人成功的必要条件。
Time management is about working actively to create efficiency and effectiveness in a way that makes achieving your target more likely. Effective time management is a core skill.
4 不规划时间的弊端
段落大意：好的时间规划是成功的保障，不好的规划会造成时间资源浪费，给人们带来压力。
Time, if properly managed, increases productivity and brings about opportunities for growth; on the flip side, if time is not handled properly, it will bring about disadvantages to both the physiological and psychological self. Time is a unique resource as we cannot rent, hire, buy or otherwise obtain more time as once gone; it will never come back. One of the most common afflictions of stress is due to ineffective time management.
Some people believe that success in life comes from taking risks or chances. Others believe that success results from careful planning. In your opinion, what does success come from? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
有人认为生活的成功来自冒险或机遇。 有些人认为来自精密的计划。 成功来自何处？
1 成功来自于机遇和运气
段落大意：机遇和运气不是偶然的，经过刻苦努力，机遇和运气可以成为成功的保证因素。
To some people, success is based on luck, a random whim of fate, a chance roll of the dice. But nothing could be further from the truth. Success, to a great extent, can be influenced by luck, but this is not to say that luck is an accident. Luck is predictable. With hard work, it can be controlled. By concentrating on several “luck factors”—key areas of your life that influence your future success—you can take the reigns of chance and feel yourself racing forward at a greater rate than you have ever imagined. You will get more done, earn more rewards, recognition, and esteem, have more doors opened for you, and experience more of the things that everybody refers to as “luck.”
2 计划是成功的一种表现形式
段落大意：成功人士的分类包括很多种，例如刻苦努力的，沉迷工作的，具有天分的，和精密计划并为之奋斗的。
The reasons why people succeed in their careers are probably as numerous as the number of successful people. When we begin to think about the qualities these people possess, it becomes apparent that we can classify or categorize them into a few specific groups: those who really enjoy their work, those who are obsessed with their work (they either want to be the 'best'; or have a fear of failure), those who are blessed with exceptional talent in their field, and those who have planned their work and worked their plan.
3 计划的重要性
段落大意：好的计划是成功的保证，公司企业想要成功，必须认真计划很多方面。
Planning is a key factor in the success of any business, and conversely, the failure to plan adequately is one of the fastest routes to business failure. There are many considerations that an entrepreneur must decide such as: type of business, legal structure, permits and licenses, market planning, business plan, location, organization management planning, business telephone line, mission statement, and a business checking account. There are many sources of information to help to start a business in an organized way, such as a business plan from the office of Economic Development & Planning located in the County Office Building, or books in that can be found in any library.
Some people believe that students should be given one long vacation each year. Others believe that students should have several short vacations throughout the year. Which viewpoint do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.
有些人认为学生每年应该有一个长假，另外有些人认为学生应该有几个短假，你支持哪个观点？
1 短假期对学生很重要
段落大意：更多的短假期使得学生更加容易在考试之后又放松时间，去欣赏大自然，了解社会, 并且不会遗忘知识。
Short vacations are important for students because they need to have a relaxing time after their exams. They could spare some time in mountain climbing, jogging, or even traveling. They would have more chances go out of the school and enjoy the nature beauty. Also, they could have more chances to get familiar with the real society. What’s more, students would not forget knowledge they gained from classes in the short period of time.
2 长假期对办公室一族很重要
段落大意：长假期使人们有更多时间用来旅行，放松，这对长期呆在办公室的人很重要。
Long vacation means that people could afford longer time on traveling and relaxing. People could get more time enjoying the outside world. This is especially important for people who spend long hours in office.
Businesses should hire employees for their entire lives. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
企业要终身雇佣雇员，同意与否？
1 终身雇工容易使得业绩下滑
段落大意：由于人体生理机能的随着时间逐渐弱化，老年人不再适合工作。
Businesses should not hire people for entire lives. The business may decline if it hires people for entire lives. The average life of a person nowadays is about sixty to seventy years. There is a general tendency that people's mental as well as physical capabilities decline with increase in age. This results in decrease in efficiency of employees. Thus if a business hires employees for entire lives, there is a danger of decrease in productivity and functioning of the business. To avoid this, a business must hire new employees after the current employees term is over.
2 新鲜血液需要注入公司系统
段落大意：商业不断变化，因此公司需要不停补充新鲜血液。
Besides, one must give opportunities to fresh talents and youngsters. Business is an activity which is dynamic. It changes with time. Business can thrive and be successful only if it understands the present trend and supply what the customer wants. If a business hires employees for entire lives then it cannot hire fresh talents as there will be no vacancies.
3 经验是老职员的优势
段落大意：老的职员更加具有技能和经验，他们也是新人的指导。
I don’t insist in removing all the experienced employees at once and hire fresh people who will be novice to the business. The new employees learn from the existing experienced employees and gradually develop skill and experience in that field. They will also serve as guides for the future generations who will be employed.
4 稳定的工作对公司和职员的好处
段落大意：稳定的工作对于雇主和雇员来说，对双方都有好处。
Job security is very important for both the employee and the employer. For the employee, job security is important because she can depend on her source of income and better plan her future accordingly. For the employer, the employee represents an investment because of the number of hours of training required and the company will continue to have a return on this investment. As we all know, feeling secure about where our future income will come from is very important for our well-being—anybody who has lost a job and has had trouble finding a new one knows that this transition period can cause a lot of anxiety.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Businesses should do anything they can to make a profit. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position.
企业应该尽其所能去赚取利润，同意与否？
1 利益的好处
段落大意：利益对于企业来说是发展的动力，企业的发展反之提高了我们的生活水平。
Profit is the amount of money a business retains for itself after costs, taxes and dividends have been removed from revenues. These profits enable businessmen to grow and give them opportunities to employ resources in meaningful ways. Profit gives strength to the business to engage themselves in activities related to social well-being. In today’s world business professionals, apart from earning higher profits, have taken the products of science and revolutionized the fields of agriculture, transportation, and medicine. They have taken the products of art and dramatically increased our access to them. We have more food, we are more mobile, we have more health care, we have more access to works of fiction, theater, and music than anyone could reasonably have predicted a few centuries ago. The result of business in the West, and more recently in parts of the East, has been an enormous rise in the standard of human living.
2 利益不是评价商业的唯一因素
段落大意：利益是评价商业成功的指标，但不是唯一因素。
Profit can be described as whatever is left from revenue after costs have been deducted. But is this the main target for every business? All business has objectives, whether they are big or small and whether they are in the primary or public sector. The performance of a business could be judged on how effectively it achieves its objectives.
3 企业的责任
段落大意：企业不仅有扩大利益的责任，也有诸如环保，提供优质服务的责任。
It is widely known that for a business to be successful it needs to provide merchandise or service that is desired by the public and also to obtain a profit. Now while these are the most important components to a successful business, they are not the only ones. The social responsibilities of a business include the following: environmental protection and preservation, employee safety and morale, product safety for the consumer. The financial manager must keep these three social responsibilities in mind when making any and all decisions.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People are never satisfied with what they have; they always want something more or something different. Use specific reasons to support your answer.
你是否同意人们永不满足自己所拥有的？
1工作中的满意
段落大意：人们在工作中，需要好的环境和待遇，才会感到满意。
If a company is interested in growth and profit, it must establish positive relationships and good rapport with its employees. People will be happier in their jobs if the environment that surrounds them is made comfortable and positive. Three main factors aid positive workplace relationships: trust, respect and teamwork. Overall, these factors benefit everyone. People are the "heart" of an organization and care should be taken to foster a positive work environment.
2 大多数人对工作生活的不满意
段落大意：大多数人对生活和工作失去热情和使命感，因此滋生出不满意情绪。
Most people do not find their careers fulfilling or meaningful. “It’s unfortunate that most people don’t love their jobs, since we spend half of our waking hours at work. You need to love your job!”
3 工作本身的特征决定人们对工作的抱怨
段落大意：由于工作本身的无聊等特征，使得人们对工作抱怨，工作满足感也消失。
Job satisfaction is in regard to one's feelings or state-of-mind regarding the nature of their work. Job satisfaction can be influenced by a variety of factors, eg, the quality of one's relationship with their supervisor, the quality of the physical environment in which they work, degree of fulfillment in their work, etc.
4 对工作满足感的定义
The happier people are within their job, the more satisfied they are said to be. Job satisfaction is not the same as motivation, although it is clearly linked. Job design aims to enhance job satisfaction and performance; methods include job rotation, job enlargement and job enrichment. Other influences on satisfaction include the management style and culture, employee involvement, empowerment and autonomous work groups. Job satisfaction is a very important attribute which is frequently measured by organizations. The most common way of measurement is the use of rating scales where employees report their reactions to their jobs. Questions relate to rate of pay, work responsibilities, variety of tasks, promotional opportunities the work itself and co-workers. Some questioners ask yes or no questions while others ask to rate satisfaction on 1-5 scale (where 1 represents "not at all satisfied" and 5 represents "extremely satisfied").
Decisions can be made quickly, or they can be made after careful thought. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The decisions that people make quickly are always wrong. Use reasons and specific examples to support your opinion.
一个人快速决策永远是错误的，同意与否？
1 小事快速决定
段落大意：在决定吃穿问题上应该快速决定，不宜浪费时间。
A person should not take long time in deciding what to eat, where to eat or what movie to see etc. People should figure out these quickly. People should take decisions about their day to day decisions like what dress to wear for work, or what to cook for lunch or dinner etc. quickly. Apart from the day-to-day activities a person should take decision quickly in certain circumstances like some emergency etc. Under such circumstances they should decide quickly after thinking fast.
2 快速决定的必要性
段落大意：现实生活中，很多情况不由得我们慢慢思考，例如股票交易。
In the real life, people don't always have enough time to think about what kind of
decisions they need to make and how many options they have in order to reach the optimum result. Time does restrain people from making decision after careful thought. The first case happens in the stock exchange market. The price of stock changes every minute, even every second. The brokers need to make immediate decision to buy or sell. If they spend a long time on making decision, they will lose chance to make a lot of money, the stocks will never be available when they make final decisions.
